然而传统电镜由于为保证图像质量而需要高压电子枪,因此需要使用大体积腔体和配套的低温、真空设施才能够工作。这不仅导致占地面积过大,还需要相当的资金维持运转和专门的人员进行操作。给使用带来了极大的不便。
另外,虽然高电压能够带来更好的电子顺从性,但是基于碳基的有机物往往不能够承受较高的电子束冲击,因此在实际使用中往往必须使用电镜的最低电压来进行观测以避免损坏样品,这极大地浪费了大型电镜本身的机能。而且由于有机物中的碳类物质不能很好地吸收电子,使得有机物在大型电镜中的衬度很低,往往需要使用金属物质进行负染来提高衬度,而这不可避免的会破坏蛋白、DNA 等有机物的结构。
因此低电压透射电镜将有望解决这一问题。虽然在传统认知中,高的电压总会带给图像更好的成像效果。但在技术发展的当下,即使只使用较低的电压也能够获得较好的成像质量,并且由于低电压的低穿透力使得原本被忽略的细节图像也能够被呈现出来。
Claudel Mickael等使用LVEM5对CDs与bPEI600衍生物的纳米TEM结构表征。
Claudia Melissa等对冰川假单胞菌BNF20的形态使用LVEM5 SEM模式进行观测的图像。
Adolfo Marican等使用LVEM5对环糊精衍生物凝胶CDHSA1(a-b)
和包裹有PDN(c-d)的CDHSA1进行SEM图像表征。
Hadi Ranji-Burachaloo等使用LVEM5拍摄TEM模式下的
有机聚合材料MOF(a)和rMOF(b)的纳米结构图像。
总结
低压透射电镜具有体积小、易操作、高衬度、良好的成像质量等特性。在近几年中,使用这种电镜进行结构表征的文章也越来越多。相信随着生物分子机制研究的深入和纳米材料、药物的发展,这种小巧而灵活的低压透射电镜将会有更加宽广的应用前景。
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